ریچارد میلر دیونز (1942) اصطلاح «هوش تجاری» را برای اولین بار زمانی که روی «دایره‌نامه حکایات تجاری و تجاری» کار می‌کرد، معرفی کرد. او از این اصطلاح برای توصیف هوش و ذکاوت یک بانکدار به نام هنری فورنیز (1943) استفاده کرد که با جمع­آوری اطلاعات و انجام اقدامات مناسب در مورد آن در برابر رقبای خود سود به دست آورد. فورنیز، قبل از هر یک از رقبای خود دانش و درک کاملی از بی­ثباتی­ها، مسائل سیاسی و بازار داشت (هینز[1]، 2014). تا قرن بیستم، پیشرفت فناوری در حدی نیست که بتوان آن را به­عنوان عامل هوش تجاری در نظر گرفت. در سال 1958، دانشمند کامپیوتر آی­بی­ام[2] به نام هانس پیتر لون مقاله­ای نوشت که پتانسیل هوش تجاری را تشریح کرد. عنوان آن "یک سیستم هوش تجاری" بود که توسعه یک سیستم خودکار را توصیف می­کند که قادر به انتشار اطلاعات در بخش­های مختلف هر سازمان علمی، صنعتی یا دولتی است (فوت[3]، 2017). از این رو، هوش تجاری را می­توان به­عنوان روشی برای جمع­آوری و درک مقادیر زیادی از اطلاعات به­منظور اتخاذ بهترین تصمیمات ممکن تعریف کرد. امروزه، لون (1958) به دلیل مشارکت نه تنها در معرفی و گسترش مفهوم، بلکه در ایجاد روش‌هایی که اکثر سیستم‌های تحلیلی آی­بی­ام بر روی آن‌ها ساخته شده‌اند، به عنوان پدر هوش تجاری در نظر گرفته می‌شود (فوت، 2017).

اختراع رایانه­ها جایگزینی برای سازمان­ها برای ذخیره­سازی داده­ها فراهم کرد. در سال 1956 آی بی­ام، دیسک سختی را اختراع کرد که انقلابی در ذخیره­سازی داده­ها به وجود آورد. توسعه بیشتر دیسک­های لیزری، دیک­های فلاپی و سایر فناوری­های ذخیره­سازی فضای بیشتری را برای ذخیره­سازی داده­ها ایجاد می­کند (هینز، 2014) و بنابراین منجر به ایجاد اولین سیستم­های مدیریت داده شد که با هم به عنوان سیستم­های پشتیبانی تصمیم[4] شناخته می­شوند. بسیاری از مورخان معتقدند که نسخه مدرن هوش تجاری از پایگاه داده سیستم­های پشتیبانی تصمیم تکامل یافته است (ساتر[5]، 2014).

[1] . Heinze

[2] . IBM

[3] . Foote

[4] . DSS

[5] . Sauter

2-1-1- ادبیات هوش تجاری.. 3

2-1-1-1- تاریخچه هوش تجاری.. 3

2-1-1-2- مفهوم هوش تجاری.. 4

2-1-1-3- اهداف و کاربرد هوش تجاری.. 14

2-1-1-4- فرآیند هوش تجاری.. 17

2-1-1-5- کاربرد آنالیز و هوش تجاری.. 20

2-2- پیشینه پژوهش... 22

2-2-1- پیشینه داخلی.. 22

2-2-2- پیشینه خارجی.. 25

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